Country of Origin: Switzerland
History: The Saint Bernard was developed in the 17th century by Swiss monks at the Hospice of Saint Bernard, a refuge for travelers crossing the mountain passes between Switzerland and Italy. They were used as drafting, guarding, turn-spit, and search and rescue dogs. Saint Bernards are believed to have saved over 2,000 lives through their work at the hospice. They were likely descended from Roman mastiffs. The breed first came to the U.S. in the 19th century.
Physical Description: The Saint Bernard is a large, powerful, square shaped dog with a large head and deep furrow over the skull. The skull is twice as long as the short blunt muzzle. When alert, the skin wrinkles under the diamond shaped, dark brown eyes. The medium size drop ears are set high, and are shaped like rounded triangles. The nose is broad and black and there are strongly developed flews. The feet are large and the tail is naturally long. The double coat has a dense undercoat and thick straight outer coat that is short or long. It is red, brown, or brindle with white markings at the chest, feet, tip of tail, nose band, and neck. There is generally a dark mask and ears.
Height: 25.5 to 30 inches
Weight: 120 to 180 pounds
Temperament: This is an affectionate, fun loving, and playful dog that is equally friendly with strangers and family. It makes a poor guard dog, but will bark at intruders. It is very good with children.
Activity Level: Moderate
Best Owner: The Saint Bernard does best in a home where neatness is not a concern. A rural or suburban home is preferred, although it can adapt to city life as long as it has enough room.
Special Needs: Protection from heat.
Possible Health Concerns: Albanism, bloat, epilepsy, skin allergies, laryngeal paralysis
